非特异性腰痛患者腰骶结构特征及其影响因素     

汪敏加  周凌  丁海丽  李凯文 《武汉体育学院学报》2017,51(5):95-100

研究非特异性腰痛（non-specific low back pain，NLBP）患者的腰骶结构特征及其影响因素。方法：招募筛选NLBP患者71例（NLBP组）及29例无腰痛的健康人群（Con组）。填写问卷评估疼痛程度和腰功能障碍，并分别拍摄矢状面及额状面的X光片，测定腰椎前凸程度和骨盆侧倾程度的相关指标。研究发现：①NLBP组腰椎前凸程度与Con组相比无显著性差异（P>0.05）；②NLBP组与Con组相比骨盆发生明显侧倾（P<0.05）；③性别对NLBP患者腰骶结构没有影响；④不同年龄的NLBP患者腰椎结构有发生不同的改变，青年患者与中老年患者相比，腰骶出现了显著的腰曲变直（P<0.05）及骨盆侧倾（P<0.01）；⑤症状也会影响NLBP患者的腰椎前凸程度（P<0.05）。研究结论：①骨盆侧倾是NLBP患者的共性，可将该指标用于临床诊断和疗效评估；②不同年龄、性别和症状的NLBP患者进行康复时应有针对性。  相似文献   

Coaches as sport workers: professional agency within the employment context of elite European basketball     

Laura G. Purdy  Geoffery Z. Kohe  Rūtenis Paulauskas 《Sport, Education and Society》2019,24(2):195-207

Increased activity of multiple stakeholders (e.g. agents and owners) have created new challenges for some coaches working in professional sports clubs. The purpose of this project was to draw attention to the normative or accepted practices inherent in sport work, some of the day-to-day realities of some coaches working in this context, and to understand how coaches’ perceptions of other stakeholders come to bear on their individual circumstances, career expectations/objectives and professional agency. Data were generated from semi-structured interviews with seven professional basketball coaches who worked in top-level European clubs. The analysis reveals the coach’s relationships between some owners and agents differed with respect to exercising professional agency, and, coach’s decisions and actions were tied to their professional ideals as well as understandings of what they need to undertake their work effectively and negotiation and/or adjustment strategies. Occasionally coach’s work practices could be viewed as antithetical to employment security, however, the presence of insecurity was at times embraced and used strategically to affect workers’ career decisions. Amid contemporary regional geo-political shifts, this work aids examinations of global sport settings, structures and issues that may contour sporting professionals’ lives.  相似文献   

The effect of smartphones and playing video games on decision-making in soccer players: A crossover and randomised study     

Leonardo S. Fortes  Dalton De Lima-Junior  Lenamar Fiorese  José R. A. Nascimento-Júnior  Arnaldo L. Mortatti  Maria E. C. Ferreira 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(5):552-558

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to analyse the effect of the use of social networks in smartphones or playing video games on the passing decision-making performance in professional soccer athletes. Participants were 25 male professional soccer athletes (mean ± SD: age 23.4 ± 2.8 years). The participants performed three randomised conditions divided into three groups: control (CON), smartphone (SMA), and video game (VID). Before and after each experimental condition, the Stroop Task assessed the level of induced mental fatigue. Then, the athletes performed a simulated soccer match. A CANON® camera recorded the matches for further analysis on passing decision-making performance. A group effect was identified (p < .01) with impairment on passing decision-making performance for the SMA (p = .01, ES = 0.5) and VID (p = .01, ES = 0.5) conditions. We concluded that the use of social networks on smartphones and/or playing video games right before official soccer matches might impair the passing decision-making performance in professional soccer athletes.  相似文献   

Body composition differences by age and playing standard in male rugby union and rugby league: A systematic review and meta-analysis     

Tom Geeson-Brown  Ben Jones  Kevin Till  Sarah Chantler  Kevin Deighton 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(19):2161-2176

ABSTRACT

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine differences in body compositionn between playing standard and age in male rugby union and rugby league athletes. The MOOSE (Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines for design, implementation, and reporting were followed. Studies were required to be in male rugby union or league and have body composition as the primary or secondary outcome. Data was required to be presented separately for positional groups and body composition presented as whole-body. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and CINHAHL via EBSCOhost. 57 studies were included for meta-analysis. Results highlighted significantly higher fat-free mass in senior elite than senior sub-elite or junior elite athletes for all RU and RL forwards. Small and non-significant differences were found in fat mass between rugby union playing standards and age categories. Rugby league senior elite forwards had less fat mass than junior elite forwards. Practitioners should prioritise training and nutritional strategies that maximise fat-free mass development, especially in junior elite cohorts.  相似文献   

德国的体育与媒介：德国足球与体育媒介的里程碑和基本事实     

托马斯·霍尔基 《成都体育学院学报》2016,(2):1-7

体育在德国大众传媒中占据非常重要的地位。从报纸到广播电视再到新媒体时代，体育都是媒介内容中的重要元素。足球更是占据了体育内容中的核心地位。体育是如何被大众媒介转变的，大众媒介如何受到体育的影响，一直是媒介研究的核心内容之一。在德国电视史上，收视率排名前十位的节目全部是有德国队参加的世界杯和欧洲杯足球赛的赛事转播，其中收视率最高的是于2014年7月13日举行的巴西世界杯决赛德国队与阿根廷队之间的较量，超过三千万德国民众收看了这场比赛的电视转播。因此，世界杯足球赛对于德国社会和体育新闻而言具有重要的影响。研究梳理了德国足球的发展史，以作者主编的《2011国际体育媒介调查》中的数据为依托，以从1994年美国世界杯开始到2014年巴西世界杯期间20年中的世界杯和欧洲杯足球赛为主要研究对象。
　　通过对比，研究发现了不少转变：例如1994年世界杯时，德国电视台转播一场足球比赛的时间是219分钟，到2014年世界杯时已经提升到550分钟。转播过程中比赛所占的比例从1994年的49%下降到2014年的23%。德国民众对体育尤其是足球的狂热，每年可以带来30亿欧元的商业赞助。《2011国际体育媒介调查》在对世界五大洲23个国家和地区81家平面媒体的18340篇文章展开的大数据分析研究发现，受关注度最高的项目依次是足球、网球、英式橄榄球、曲棍球、冰球、自行车、篮球、澳式橄榄球、高尔夫球和马术比赛，其中足球一项就占据41%的比例，网球和英式橄榄球的比例分别为8%和5%。另一方面，撰写体育新闻的平面媒体记者中90%以上为男性。此外，在足球占据体育报道的比例上，罗马尼亚、葡萄牙、巴西、希腊、德国、波兰、苏格兰、南非、法国和瑞士是最高的，其中罗马尼亚媒体报道的比例高达85%。  相似文献   

融入与解放：社会化视域下的体育休闲          下载免费PDF全文

方青 《河北体育学院学报》2017,31(2):18-22

从个体社会化的理论视角,阐述了社会化的内涵以及中国人个体社会化的特点.指出,体育休闲是个体社会化的一种途径,它可以促进参与者社会互动交往和社会群体融入,帮助参与者更好地适应社会角色和解放个体身心,有助于参与者提升自我实践能力和养成责任意识;以"广场舞""跑吧""驴友"三项体育休闲活动为例,具体分析其对于参与者个体社会化所具有的价值和所发挥的作用,认为应注意近年来体育休闲中出现的问题,合理管控不利因素,推动国民体育休闲水平的进一步提升.  相似文献   

Sports History: Reflections on My Journey So Far     

Fiona Skillen 《国际体育史杂志》2017,34(5-6):437-441

Abstract

In this article, I reflect on my journey into sports history and my career path so far. I also discuss my experiences as part of the British Society of Sports History.  相似文献   

Association of different types of playing surfaces with bone mass in growing girls     

Esther Ubago-Guisado  Jorge García-Unanue  Jorge López-Fernández  Javier Sánchez-Sánchez  Leonor Gallardo 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(15):1484-1492

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare bone mass in young female athletes playing ball games on different types of playing surfaces. About 120 girls, 9–13 years of age (10.6 ± 1.5 years old Tanner I–III) were recruited and divided into prepubertal and pubertal groups. The sample represented 3 groups of athletes: soccer (N = 40), basketball (N = 40), and handball (N = 40); and 6 different playing surfaces (soccer – ground, soccer – artificial turf, basketball – synthetic, basketball – parquet, handball – synthetic, and handball – smooth concrete). Total and regional body composition (bone mass, fat mass, and lean mass) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The mechanical properties of the surfaces (force reduction, vertical deformation, and energy return) were measured with the Advanced Artificial Athlete (Triple A) method. The degree of sexual development was determined using Tanner test. The pubertal group showed that soccer players on the ground, basketball players on synthetic, and handball players on smooth concrete had higher values of bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) (P < 0.05) than the soccer players on the artificial turf, basketball players on parquet, and handball players on synthetic. In conclusion, a hard playing surface, with less vertical deformation and force reduction, and greater energy return, is associated with higher levels of BMD and BMC in growing girls, regardless of the sport they practice.  相似文献   

近年来中国的外国体育史研究前沿探析     

潘华 《成都体育学院学报》2016,(1)

运用文献资料及对比分析法等研究方法,依据近年来中国的外国体育史研究具有一定创新性的代表作,主要包含学术专著、科研课题、学位论文与期刊论文等,认真梳理出此间的重要成果. 研究表明,近年来中国的外国体育史研究水平有所提高,但也有不足之处. 研究认为,当前中国的外国体育史研究还需要在人才培养、学术交流、研究视野等方面实施改进措施.  相似文献   

清末学校体育改革的制度更新：基于政策文本的研究     

张文鹏  王健 《成都体育学院学报》2016,(5):113-117

晚清政府为了缓解内忧外患的紧张局面，试图透过自上而下若干领域的制度更新，以回应社会各界现实关切的同时，实现其延续江河日下王权的政治图景。作为晚清改革内容之一的学校体育，也承担着相同的现实诉求。运用文献资料法、内容分析法等研究方法，对晚清（1902－1911）学校体育改革成果—政策文本的分析后发现：（1）清末学校体育政策的类型、制定主体与政策内容较为单一；（2）形成了以权威工具为主，能力工具和象征劝告工具为补充的政策工具类型体系；（3）学校体育改革的重点是建章立制，以促进学校体育发展。  相似文献